American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D. C., 1994.(高橋三郎, 大野裕, 染矢俊幸訳: DSM-IV精神疾患の診断・統計マニュアル. 医学書院東京, 1996.)
Andreano, J. M. and Cahill, L.: Glucocorticoid release and memory consolidation in men and women. Psychol. Sci., 17; 466-470, 2006.
Brewin, C. R: Cognitive processing of adverse experiences. Int. Rev. Psychiatry, 8; 333-339, 1996.
Brown, R. and Kulik, J.: Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5; 73-99, 1977.
Ehlers, A. and Clark, D. M.: A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behay. Res. Ther., 38; 219-345, 2000.