土質工学会編: 土質調査試験結果の解釈と適用例--第一回改訂版, 土質工学会, pp. 333~335, 1979.
Hasen, A: Some physical properties of sand and gravel with special reference to their use infiltration, 24th Ann. Rep., Mass State Board of Health. Boston, 1893.
久保田敬一, 河野伊一郎, 宇野尚雄: 透水--設計へのアプローチ, 鹿島出版会, pp. 75~79, 1976.
Creager, W. P., Justin, J. D., and Hinds, J.: Engineering for Dams, Vol.III, Earth, Rock-fill, Steel and Timber dams, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N. Y. pp. 645~649, 1944.