McCosker, J.E. 1977. The osteology, classification, and relationships of the eel family Ophichthidae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 41: 1-123.
McCosker, J.E., E.B. Böhlke and J.E. Böhlke. 1989. Family Ophichthidae. Pages 254-412 in E. B. Böhlke, ed. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part 9, Vol.1. Sears. Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ., New Haven.
Randall, J.E. 1986. 106 new records of fishes from the Marshall Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci., 38: 170-252.
Randall, J.E. and H.A. Randall. 1987. Annotated checklist of the fishes of Enewetak Atoll and other Marshall Islands. Pages 289-324 in D.M. Devaney et al., eds. The natural history of Enewetak Atoll. Vol.2. Biogeography and systematics. U.S. Dept. Energy, Offic. Sci. and Tech. Info. Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Schultz, L.P. and collaborators. 1953. Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas Islands. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 202, Vol.1. xxxii+685 pp.