1) CARSON W. P. The role of litter in an old-field community : impact of litter quantity in different seasons on plant species richness and abundance. Oecologia. (1990) vol.85, p.8-13.
2) 土壌調査法編集委員会編. 野外研究と土壌図作成のための土壌調査法. 博友社. (1978)
3) 土壌養分測定法委員会編. 土壌養分分析法. 養賢堂. (1970)
4) GOKAN T. Changes in soil properties of paddy field on a gentle slope after abandonment. Master thesis for Laboratory of Soil Science, Kyoto University. (2000)