A. David and R. Douglas, eds, Clinical evaluation and management of spasticity, Humana Press, Toyowa, New Jersey, 2002.
土屋一洋, CT・MRI Key Words Index 1 頭部 CT・MRI 診断のキーワード 99, 廣済堂, 2001.
T. Bajd and B. Bowman,“Testing and modeling of spasticity,” J. Biological Engineering, vol.4, pp. 90-96, May 1982.
T. Bajd and L. Vodovnik,“Pendulum testing of spasticity,” J. Biological Engineering, vol.6, pp. 9-16, 1984.
R. W. Bohannon and M. B. Smith,“Interater reliability of a modified ashworth scale of muscle spasticity,” Physical Therapy, vol.67, pp. 206-207, Feb.1987.