1) K. Kuriki and Y. Arakawa, "Introduction to Electric Propulsion," University of Tokyo Press, (2008) pp.106-109 (in Japanese).
2) Y. Arakawa, H. Kuninaka, Y. Nakayama and K. Nishiyama, "Ion Engines for Powered Flight in Space," Corona Publishing, (2006), Chapter 1 (in Japanese).
4) H. Kuninaka, "Research and Development of JIEDI (JAXA Ion Engine Development Initiatives) Tool for Numerical Evaluation of Ion Engine Grid Lifetime," JAXA-SP-06-019, p5-9 (in Japanese)
5) Y. Arakawa and K. Ishihara, "A Numerical Code for Cusped Ion thrusters," IEPC-91-118, 1991.