1) ここではR. G. Livesey: in <i>Fundations of Vacuum Science and Technology</i>, ed. J. M. Lafferty (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, 1998), Ch. 2.1の分類に従った.
2) The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, ed.: JSME Mechanical Engineers' Handbook α4 Fluid Mechanics (Maruzen, Tokyo, 2006).
3) E. H. Kennard: Kinetic Theory of Gases (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1938).
4) R. G. Livesey: in <i>Fundations of Vacuum Science and Technology</i>, ed. J. M. Lafferty (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, 1998), Ch. 2.4.