BROWN, D. S. 1980 : Family Thiaridae (Melaniidae). in Feshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance. pp. 83-95, fig. 73. Taylor & Francis Ltd, London.
COWIE, R. H. 1997 : Family Thiaridae. in Catalogue and Bibliography of the Nonindigenous nonmarine snails and slugs of the Hawaian Islands. Bishop. Museum Occassional Papers, (50) : 10-11.
-. 1998 : The Thiaridae Troschel, 1857. in Catalog of the Nonmarine snails and slugs of the Samoan Islands. pp. 32-37. Bishopo Museum Bulletins in Zoology, 3. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.