3) Belman MJ, et al: Inhaled bronchodilators reduce dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153: 967-975, 1996.
4) Tashikin DP, et al: A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 359: 1543-1554, 2008.
5) Decramer M, et al: Effect of tiotropium on outcomes in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UPLIFT): a prespecified subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 374: 1171-1178, 2009.