Amerian Psychiatric Association 2013 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington. (アメリカ精神医学会.高橋三郎・大野裕 (監訳) 2014『DSM-5 精神疾患の診断・統計の手引』医学書院)
Belicki, K. (1985). Assessment and prevalence of nightmare distress. Sleep Research, 14, 145.
Belicki, K. (1992). Nightmare frequency versus nightmare distress: Relations to psychopathology and cognitive style. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 592-597.
Blagrove, M., Farmer, L., & Williams, E. (2004). The relationship of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress to well-being. Journal of Sleep Research, 13, 129-136.
Böckermann, M, Gieselmann, A, & Pietrowsky R. (2014), What does nightmare distress mean? Factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ). Dreaming, 24, 279-289.