Effects of Particulate Matter on Daily Mortality in 13 Japanese Cities

OMORI T; FUJIMOTO G; YOSHIMURA I; NITTA H; ONO M

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J-GLOBAL ID：200902245228993381 Reference number：03A0857546

Effects of Particulate Matter on Daily Mortality in 13 Japanese Cities

日本の13都市での一日死亡率に及ぼす粒状物質の影響

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Material：
Volume： 13 Issue： 6 Page： 314-322 Publication year： Nov. 2003
JST Material Number： L3909A ISSN： 0917-5040 Document type： Article
Article type：原著論文 Country of issue： Japan (JPN) Language： ENGLISH (EN)

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Examination and measurement of granular matter , Influence on humans

Reference (21)：

tants in ambient air. It is important to consider the extent to which ambient PM affects health independent of the gaseous co-pollutants. In comparing the risk ratios for the SPM adjusted for temperature and humidity and the risk ratios adjusted for SO2, NO2, CO, Ox, temperature, and humidity, it was found that the latter tended to acquire large values and wide 95% CIs. These trends were acknowledged in both models (GAM and GLIM). These findings suggest that observed health effects can be independently attributed to SPM. However, the interactions between PM and gaseous pollutants in both ambient air and in the human body are very complex. Previous findings do not show consistent risk estimates for PM and co-pollutants.14 With respect to the effect of time lags, the effects of pollutant concentrations on the previous day (lag 1) were observed in addition to those on the same day (lag 0). Domonici et al.15 reported that for the overall pooled results of PM10 effects with lags of 0, 1, and 2 days in 90 cities in the United States, the largest lag effect was observed at 1 day. However, the PM10 effects in individual cities sometimes showed the largest lag effect at lags 0 or
2. Several studies showed differences in the lag structure between PM and cause-specific mortality. For respiratory deaths, the PM concentrations on the preceding days (i.e., lag 1, 2, or more) had a larger effect than the same-day concentrations. For cardiovascular deaths, immediate responses appear to contribute to the deaths. However, we could not clarify the lag effect for cause-specific mortality from our analyses. The concentrations of SPM and other pollutants on preceding days produced stronger correlations than for concentrations on the same day, and the day-to-day pattern of air pollution may also vary by pollutant. We are planning further investigations of modeling by species and analyses of the lag structure. Our results were similar to those reported in the comprehensive Samet et al,14 investigation of the relationship between daily mortality and PM10 data for 90 cities in the United States. For example, the risk ratio for mortality from all causes with an increase in PMio of 10, g/m3 calculated using their results is approximately
1.0041 (note: this value was recently corrected to 1.002716). Another study conducted by Klemm and Masonl7 demonstrated
1.012 as the risk ratio for mortality from all causes with an increase in PM2.5 of 10 g/m3. If we consider the difference in the particle diameter between PM10, PM2.5 and SPM (approximately PM7), the magnitude of the risk of death obtained in our study (1.0049) is almost identical to or intermediate of these studies. In conclusion, this study is the first investigation of the shortterm effect of the concentrations of particulate matter on daily mortality conducted in Japan. The study was performed by similar methods as used in studies conducted recently overseas. The estimated risk ratios for mortality from all causes, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases were found to be greater than one, with the lower limits of the 95% CI also being greater than one. Our results suggest a positive relationship between SPM concentration and daily mortality in Japan.
1. Dockery DW, Schwartz J, Spengler JD. Air pollution and daily mortality: associations with particulates and acid aerosols. Environ Res 1992;59:362-73.

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